Letter from the Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board of mBank S.A. to Shareholders
Dear Shareholders,
The weakening global economy was in the spotlight in 2024 as leaders sought to balance productivity and sustainability while grappling with the lingering effects of inflation, changes in monetary policy, and looking for ways to ensure growth in the age of artificial intelligence. This has not been easy in a dramatically changing world, guided by globalisation over the past decades and now facing new geopolitical risks. The rise of nationalism and protectionism, armed conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, polarising populist decisions, antagonising political scene and socio-economic relations are all having an adverse impact on financial stability. Navigating these complexities requires the European Union and Poland, which has taken over the Presidency of the Council of the EU, to strengthen security in the broadest sense, including external security and energy security, economic freedom, improve the competitiveness of the economy, and build up resilience in the supply chains.
Growth in the European Union fluctuated around 0.8 percent in 2024, a result of weak consumption and cautious investment decisions combined with stagnation of Poland's largest trading partner, Germany. Against this backdrop, Poland performed better and recorded an economic recovery. According to preliminary data from Statistics Poland (GUS), GDP grew by 2.9% in 2024, an acceleration from the 0.1% growth in 2023. Consumer prices rose by 4.7% year on year in December 2024, and average annual inflation was 3.6%. Rising energy and food prices were among the factors that contributed to the rise in inflation in the second half of 2024. These conditions influenced the decisions of the Monetary Policy Council (RPP), which kept interest rates in 2024 steady, unchanged since October 2023.
Although Poland's economic growth rate is higher than in other European countries, its acceleration is still insufficient to finance the necessary armament and energy transition and to face geopolitical and structural risks, including the ageing population. Stronger economic growth and competitiveness of the Polish economy cannot be achieved without a significant reduction in energy costs, which are 160% higher than in the United States according to estimates of the Bruegel Institute.
In Poland, high energy costs and the longest power outages in Europe will also pose an obstacle to the development of generative artificial intelligence technology.
The scale of investments in the energy transition towards renewable energy sources is enormous and represents a great development opportunity for Poland, leading to independence from foreign energy sources. According to the World Bank's 2024 estimates, such independence will require an investment of USD 450 billion over the next 25 years. A significant part of this expenditure is required to gradually replace legacy assets but significant outlays will be required to finance new green technologies. Poland is the sixth economy in the EU where approximately 60% of energy consumption comes from fossil fuels. Investment needs are greater than in other EU countries of comparable size, not least because of the need to catch up with the other member states. The implementation of investment plans in Poland depends and will continue to depend to a large extent on the banks' ability to finance the economy. Banks in Poland, as in the EU, are the main source of external financing. Meanwhile, 2024 analyses by the Polish Bank Association show that banks in Poland are still too small in relation to the size of the economy (around 90%). Furthermore, Poland is one of the countries with the lowest investment rates in the European Union and the smallest share of long-term loans in the absence of clear incentives to lend. In order to amplify the banks' ability to finance the economy, it is imperative to increase the banks' capital, which is difficult to achieve under the persistently highest public sector burdens in Europe and additional state interventions.
Despite a range of demanding challenges posed by the dynamic external environment, the mBank Group generated its highest ever income at PLN 12.0 billion. The main driver of growth was net interest income, which increased by 10.3% year on year. Effective management of deposit and loan margins and the treasury securities portfolio in a high interest rate environment undoubtedly underpinned this result. Consequently, the interest margin increased from 4.18% in 2023 to 4.35% in 2024.
Similar to previous years, the cost of legal risks associated with foreign currency mortgage loans remains a significant burden. Case law unfavourable to banks prevailed in 2024. However, the number of new lawsuits has been falling steadily
for five consecutive quarters. The mBank Group recognised legal risk costs related to foreign currency loans of PLN 4.3 billion in the profit and loss account for 2024, compared with PLN 4.9 billion in 2023. These costs were mainly due to an update of forecasts of the number of litigation cases and the adopted model parameters, taking into account, among others, the expected cost associated with adverse court decisions and the number and cost of settlements. The Bank has consistently continued to implement its settlement programme for borrowers as an alternative to lengthy and costly litigation. The Bank signed nearly 10,000 settlements with clients in 2024 and more than 22,900 settlements since the launch of the programme in September 2022. This demonstrates the high efficiency of efforts in this area. The coverage of the portfolio of CHF-indexed loans with provisions stood at 147%, ensuring very strong protection for the Bank in the event of the materialisation of legal risks relating to foreign currency loans. Furthermore, the steadily decreasing number of active loan contracts and the decrease in the number of pending court cases offer prospects of final recognition of legal risk costs related to foreign currency loans in 2025.
The mBank Group closed 2024 with a net profit attributable to shareholders of PLN 2 243 million compared to PLN 24 million in 2023. It must be stressed that the financial performance of the core business, i.e. excluding the FX Mortgage Lending segment, corroborates the actual potential of the business model and offers a positive outlook necessary to continue organic growth and increase shareholder value. The mBank Group's core business generated a net profit of PLN 5 638 million in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 22.4%. ROE in 2023 was 39.7%. The Bank maintained strict discipline of cost efficiency, which ensured a stable level of the cost/income ratio (C/I) year on year: 28.2% in 2024 vs. 28.5% in 2023.
The Bank successfully continues to mitigate the impact of negative factors exerting pressure on capital ratios by maintaining robust capital buffers, including Tier 1 and TCR (14.5% and 15.9% for Tier 1 and TCR ratios, respectively, at the end of 2024).
This was possible, among others, due to the placement of bonds with a wide range of investors, which qualify as AT1 capital. Demand for the bonds amounted to PLN 1.76 billion and the Bank raised PLN 1.5 billion, the maximum expected value of the issue. mBank was the first commercial bank in Poland to take advantage of this opportunity and successfully complete this landmark transaction in December 2024. In addition, the MREL requirements were more than met with the issuance
of green senior unsecured bonds with a total nominal value of EUR 500 million under the EMTN Programme. Once again, the Bank completed a transaction in line with the mBank Group's Green Bond Framework, and the transaction proved attractive to investors, as evidenced by the oversubscription. The Bank also demonstrated stability and security in liquidity management. This is demonstrated by the high levels of the liquidity ratios LCR and NSFR and the net loan-to-deposit ratio at 60.5%.
The mBank Group's strategy for 2021-2025, "From an icon of mobility to an icon of possibility", laid the foundation for such performance. The Supervisory Board acknowledged the Management Board report on the status of implementation of the strategy and reviewed the key objectives and business metrics of the Group's main development directions. The Bank is continuously adapting its business model to primarily provide solutions meeting current needs of clients. Retail banking services have been further developed with a particular focus on promoting regular investment and securing a sustainable future beyond retirement age by, among others, launching a mobile calculator to help define the appropriate amounts to be saved in order to achieve individual goals. In addition, the Bank in cooperation with Morele gives all users of the mobile app access to a service with the full functionality of a state-of-the-art e-commerce platform offering 1.5 million products in around 2,000 categories without having to be redirected to an external environment.
It is with genuine satisfaction that I note the following: the mBank Group knows that banks are key to unlocking green financing and therefore the mBank Group remains an important provider of financing for green projects and transition to a net-zero economy. mBank supports corporate clients, including large companies as well as the SME sector and individual clients, in their green transition by engaging financial capital and providing competences and technology. The total value of sustainable finance in the corporate area reached PLN 16.1 billion at the end of 2024, equal to the sum of loans granted and capital mobilised. The financing granted to companies at PLN 7.6 billion as at the end of 2024 went to renewable energy projects, sustainability-linked loans, and transactions compliant with the criteria of the EU Taxonomy or mBank's ESG Strategy. Capital mobilised on the market amounted to PLN 8.5 billion. This includes syndicated financing and the bank's involvement in corporate clients' green bond issues of nearly PLN 1.5 billion.
With regard to retail clients, mBank increased the annual sales of mortgages for low energy demand properties in accordance with the NZEB-10% (Nearly Zero Energy Building) standard to 13.2% of the total volume of mortgages granted in 2024. The mBank Group is also developing an investment offering that takes into account sustainability factors, and has set a target of 50% of investment solutions offered by the Brokerage Office and mTFI SA that promote environmental or social aspects, subject to disclosure requirements under Article 8 of the SFDR (Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation). Thus, as of the beginning of 2025, half of all investment solutions are classified as “light green”. At the same time, mBank continued to work on decarbonisation and reducing its carbon footprint. In September 2024, mBank submitted climate targets in line with a science-based approach for validation to the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi). The Bank was preparing to publish a sustainability report in line with the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). I hope that it will provide stakeholders with a full picture of the Bank's impact on the environment and allow for a better presentation of the effects of the strategy under implementation.
The mBank Group has successfully implemented various initiatives to build an inclusive working environment. The Management Board made efforts to achieve one of the goals of senior management: to increase the representation of women on the management bodies of mBank's key subsidiaries to 40% by the end of 2026. It should be noted that with a view to ensuring a diverse, equitable and inclusive work environment, mBank reduced the pay gap to 3.2% in 2024. In support of financial health and education of clients, mBank announced in June 2024 that UNEP FI will pursue the objective to increase and maintain the financial resilience and financial health of Poles by supporting them in managing their spending and building a financial cushion. The goal is to increase the percentage of retail clients who consider themselves financially resilient to a minimum of 50% by the end of 2025. This is just a selection of the measures that have contributed to the recognition of the Bank's progress in social responsibility and sustainability with the upgrade of mBank's MSCI ESG Ratings from A to AA (leader) in 2024.
What is key for mBank is communication with shareholders and other stakeholders. The high utility value of the Bank's reports is proved by the fact that, for the twelfth consecutive year, the Bank won the special award "The Best of the Best" in the latest edition of The Best Annual Report competition organised by the
Institute of Accounting and Taxation in recognition of the best annual reports in the category of financial institutions.
On behalf of the entire Supervisory Board, I would like to express my great thanks to the Management Board and all mBank employees for their cooperation and commitment, and to you, dear Shareholders, for the trust you have placed in us. I am confident that mBank will continue to successfully achieve its business goals in 2025 through consistent implementation of its strategy, and that this will bring the expected return on investment and stable development of mBank that is so important to clients, employees, regulators, and other stakeholders.
Professor Agnieszka Słomka-Gołębiowska
Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board